A UC Davis study, published in Injury Prevention, finds that 1.3 percent of the licensed gun retailers in California sell 39.4 percent of the handguns used in violent crime. In addition, those retailers share similar profiles – pawn shops and retailers with a high rate of background-check failure are at higher risk for selling handguns that will be used in criminal acts. The study also finds no correlation between crime gun sales and a community's social and demographic characteristics or neighborhood crime rates.