Vietnam War veterans exposed to Agent Orange have greatly increased risks of prostate cancer and even greater risks of getting the most aggressive form of the disease as compared to those who were not exposed. Karim Chamie, lead author for the study, noted that, unlike previous studies that were either too small or conducted on men who were too young, patients in the current study were entering their prime years for developing prostate cancer. The study was also conducted during the era of prostate-specific antigen screening, a powerful tool for early diagnosis and tracking of prostate cancer.

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